Understanding concussions in children: signs, symptoms and safety measures
Every year, approximately two million children and teens in South Africa and around the world experience one of the most common brain injuries — concussions.
Concussions are one of the most common brain injuries among children and teens, affecting approximately two million young individuals every year.
Whether it’s a seemingly minor bump during playtime or a heavy collision in sports like rugby or soccer, concussions can happen more easily than many parents realise.
While many parents may dismiss a bump on the head as a trivial matter, the reality is that concussions can occur from even minor incidents, making it crucial for caregivers to be informed and vigilant.
What exactly is a concussion?
A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggered by a sudden blow or jolt either to the head or to the body, inducing the brain to move rapidly back and forth within the skull, according to Harvard Health.
This seemingly innocent movement can disrupt normal brain function, leading to many symptoms that can significantly affect a child's everyday life.
According to the South African Medical Journal in South Africa, traumatic brain injuries among the paediatric population contribute considerably to mortality and disability.
On a global scale, it is estimated that over three million children suffer from TBI annually, with incidence rates varying widely across regions.
Recognising the silent signs of concussion
Unlike visible injuries such as cuts or bruises, concussions often have no overt symptoms, making them particularly dangerous. Symptoms may surface immediately or develop days after the initial injury.
Parents should be alert to the following signs:
Physical symptoms: Headaches, dizziness, sensitivity to light or noise, nausea and balance problems.
Cognitive symptoms: Confusion, difficulty focusing, memory issues and slower reaction times.
Emotional symptoms: Mood swings, irritability, anxiety and trouble sleeping.
In more severe instances, a child may lose consciousness, which necessitates immediate medical attention.
The importance of early detection
Being able to recognise and respond to concussions quickly is crucial for preventing further harm.
When a child sustains a concussion, their brain enters a vulnerable phase where a second impact could lead to severe long-term consequences, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), commonly observed in athletes hit repeatedly in contact sports.
To safeguard against these dangers, experts advocate for the mantra, “When in doubt, sit them out.”
Steps to take following a suspected concussion
If you suspect your child has suffered a concussion, consider the following steps for their safety:
Seek medical attention: Have a healthcare professional evaluate your child's injury to rule out more serious conditions.
Prioritise rest: While complete rest used to be the standard approach, experts now advocate for a gradual return to light activities to facilitate recovery.
Limit screen time: Encourage your child to take breaks from screens and avoid activities that require intense concentration until symptoms improve.
Reintroduce activities slowly: Once the child feels better, gradually transition them back to regular activities, ensuring they are symptom-free before resuming high-risk sports.
Preventive measures for future concussions
Although it’s impossible to eliminate all risks, there are proactive steps parents can take to reduce their child’s likelihood of experiencing a concussion:
Educate them about the importance of safety in sports and play.
Insist on appropriate protective gear, like well-fitted helmets.
Encourage a consistent sleep routine for better brain health.
Advocate for concussion safety protocols adopted by local schools and sports leagues.
While many mild concussions resolve within weeks, some circumstances demand immediate medical evaluation. Seek urgent assistance if your child loses consciousness, suffers worsening headaches, experiences repeated vomiting or displays unusual behaviour.
Concussions are a reality in the lives of countless youngsters, but with awareness, prompt action and adherence to safety practices, parents can mitigate the risks and protect their children’s futures.
Remember, when in doubt, sit them out — and always consult a healthcare professional for guidance.